03-3. Glass / Glass types and ingredients

In the last post, we learned about the process of making glass!

Today we are going to take a look at the types and ingredients of glass :)

 

First of all, shall we take a brief look at the composition of glass?

Did you know that there is not one type of glass?

In fact, when you first melt the raw material of the glass,

you can make a glass with different properties if you change the composition of the ingredients. Because glass is made of a mixture of various components,

it is possible to freely change and combine the composition ratio.

 

 

Representatively speaking about the composition of ordinary glass that makes flat glass,

it is about 65-75% silicon oxide, 5-15% calcium oxide, and 10-20% sodium carbonate.

In addition, the main components other than silicon oxide that make up the glass are soda and lime,

so it is also called'soda-lime glass'.

 

 

Next, we will look at the types of glass one by one.

The glass I will explain today is glass with a large refractive index,

glass that withstands rapid temperature changes,

quartz glass, photosensitive glass, colored glass, filter glass, and fiberglass.

 

 

A representative diamond of glass with a large refractive index

 

First, glass with a large refractive index is called lead glass in other words.

General soda-lime glass is difficult to use for optics because it does not have a large refractive index. That is why the refractive index increases

if you put something called 'lead oxide'

to use it as an optical glass such as a lens or prism.

However, if a lot of lead oxide is added, the refractive index increases but the hardness decreases,

so it is very easy to damage the camera lens.

Transparent and high refractive index glass is so shiny and beautiful by the reflection of light.

An example is diamond.

 

 

Laboratory chemical experiment equipment

 

Next is a glass that withstands rapid temperature changes.

Everyone, have you ever poured hot water suddenly into a cold glass

and the glass is clinked and broken? Or vice versa.

This is because when you put water in a cup, the glass at the touched part and the glass at the outside where water does not directly touch are different.

To put it simply, the glass in the contact area contracts or expands,

but the glass on the outside is unchanged, and the cup is broken because it is stressed.

I didn't even know that before, I took out the glass bottle from the refrigerator

and poured the water boiled in the electric kettle as it is, but literally it was smashed...

Now that we know why it breaks,

 

let's be careful with everyone after this time!

 

Soda-lime glass or lead glass, which is usually used to make cups,

expands by 0.1% when the temperature is raised to 100 degrees.

However, it is said that borosilicate glass, which is used as a chemical laboratory device,

expands only 0.03% when the temperature is raised to 100 degrees.

That is why it is often used as a chemical or medical device.

 

 

 

Quartz glass is a glass made of pure silicon and oxygen.

Since it has a softening point of 1500 degrees, it is said that it is not eroded by chemicals.

In addition, even if it is suddenly cooled or heated

due to a temperature difference of 1000 degrees, there is no problem.

Here, the softening point means the temperature point

at which a solid substance becomes soft and soft by heat.

 

 

The next photosensitive glass is a glass made so that the coloring effect by radiation appears sensitively. When radiation is applied to the soda-lime glass, it turns brown.

So, to know the amount of radiation, you can measure the intensity of the colored color.

Also, a glass that makes it easy to measure the color density is called a radiation measurement glass. And there is a glass that turns black when the light hits it,

and turns transparent again when the light is removed.

This is called dimming glass.

Since it is a mysterious glass that changes the color of the glass during the day and night,

it is being studied for window glass.

 

 

Stained glass representing a cathedral

 

Fifth, there is a colored glass made by dissolving some kind of element.

In a word, it makes the glass show color.

This colorant is not a component of glass itself, but is widely used in crafts and optics.

Um... For example, there might be stained glass :)

I think stained glass is common when you go to a foreign cathedral.

 

 

Next is the filter glass.

Filter glass is also used for sunglasses that block UV rays or dark colored protective glasses.

It is a kind of colored glass and is used when only a specific wavelength of light is needed.

 

 

Glass fiber

 

Glass fiber is a material made up of an enormous number of microfibers in glass.

It is much more resistant to heat than flat glass or glassware and has excellent elasticity.

Therefore, it is often used as insulation by cutting the fibers.

 

 

---

 

 

 

I think I've finally delivered all the information about glass :)

If it was a useful time for you, I would be very proud of posting a post!

Yuri always seems to be an attractive friend.

Because it is clear and transparent, it always shows the truth.

However, sometimes it seems that I am greedy because I try to contain everything around me.

I think it's attractive in that respect :)

It contains a lot, but none of them are false.

 

Thank you so much for reading the long article today! Thank you:)